{"id":6318,"date":"2025-11-20T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T20:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/northhatley.info\/?p=6318"},"modified":"2025-11-20T13:44:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T18:44:08","slug":"glycol-or-co%e2%82%82-refrigerated-ice-rink-in-north-hatley-what-are-the-differences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/northhatley.info\/en\/2025\/11\/20\/glycol-or-co%e2%82%82-refrigerated-ice-rink-in-north-hatley-what-are-the-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"Glycol or CO\u2082 refrigerated ice rink in North Hatley: what are the differences?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>While researching the construction and operation of refrigerated ice rinks, I realized that there are essentially two main types of technologies for cooling ice: glycol systems and CO\u2082 systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Behind my question lay one main concern: is there a refrigeration solution that is less expensive than glycol? It seems so, but it is not very popular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From what I understand, the vast majority of refrigerated ice rinks\u2014here and elsewhere, indoor and outdoor\u2014use a glycol heat transfer fluid (often ethylene or propylene glycol), a proven technology that has been in use for a long time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The current standard: glycol (secondary fluid)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In almost all modern ice rinks, the principle is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A primary refrigerant (often CO\u2082 or ammonia) circulates in the mechanical room.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This refrigerant cools a secondary fluid, glycol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The glycol then circulates through pipes under the concrete slab and keeps the ice between \u20135\u00b0C and \u20139\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why is glycol used?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Non-toxic (in the case of propylene glycol)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relatively low viscosity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Low corrosiveness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Easy to maintain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Safer than ammonia in direct circuits under the slab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, glycol has become the standard reference for refrigerated ice rinks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The main (less common) alternative: CO\u2082<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Direct CO\u2082 \u2013 a growing technology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Some new installations opt for a CO\u2082 system, either in a secondary or direct circuit. These systems generally offer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Very good energy performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lower energy consumption compared to some conventional systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the other hand, higher installation costs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And greater technical complexity, requiring specialized expertise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This type of technology is beginning to be deployed in Quebec, especially in modern arenas and larger-scale projects. However, it is still uncommon for municipal outdoor rinks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mechanics for creating and maintaining ice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"D&#039;o\u00f9 vient la glace de la patinoire ?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V-EYTOA2Amo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Comment fonctionne une patinoire ? - C&#039;est pas sorcier\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7idcdwNpAUs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparison of the glycol system compared to CO\u2082<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to ChatGPT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Criteria<\/th><th>Glycol System (Secondary Fluid)<\/th><th>CO\u2082 System (Direct or Secondary)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Principle<\/td><td>A refrigerant (often ammonia or CO\u2082) cools a glycol circuit that circulates through the slab.<\/td><td>CO\u2082 is used as the primary refrigerant (and sometimes as a secondary fluid) and operates at higher pressures.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technology Maturity<\/td><td>Very common, well-established technology; the standard for most refrigerated rinks.<\/td><td>Newer and growing technology, mainly used in arenas and large modern facilities.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical Complexity<\/td><td>Moderate complexity; many companies can install and maintain it.<\/td><td>Higher complexity (higher operating pressures, more sophisticated systems), fewer specialists available.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Installation Cost<\/td><td>Generally lower than CO\u2082 systems for equivalent performance.<\/td><td>Often higher installation cost (specialized equipment and more advanced engineering).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy Consumption<\/td><td>Good performance, though slightly less efficient than a high-end CO\u2082 system.<\/td><td>Very high energy efficiency, especially in well-optimized systems.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Servicing &amp; Maintenance<\/td><td>Maintenance contracts easier to obtain; parts and expertise widely available.<\/td><td>More specialized maintenance; stronger dependence on a small number of suppliers.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Availability of Local Expertise<\/td><td>High: many regional firms are familiar with these systems.<\/td><td>More limited: mainly specialized firms, often located in major urban centers.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suitable for a Small Municipality?<\/td><td>Yes \u2014 often the safest choice: proven technology with well-known risks.<\/td><td>Possible, but requires strong planning and a usage level that justifies the investment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk of \u201cVendor Lock-in\u201d<\/td><td>Relatively low: several companies can service these systems.<\/td><td>Higher: even if the system performs well, the municipality becomes more dependent on the original supplier.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparisons of available cooling technologies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Fluid<\/th><th>Main Role<\/th><th>State \/ Nature<\/th><th>Typical Use in a Rink<\/th><th>Advantages<\/th><th>Disadvantages \/ Limitations<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Glycol<\/strong><br><small>(ethylene or propylene glycol)<\/small><\/td><td><strong>Heat transfer fluid (secondary fluid)<\/strong><\/td><td>Liquid<\/td><td>Circulates through the pipes under the slab to transfer cold to the ice surface.<\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Very common technology<br>\n    &#8211; Stable and relatively non-corrosive<br>\n    &#8211; Easy to maintain<br>\n    &#8211; Safer than direct ammonia systems\n  <\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Does not produce cold itself (requires an upstream refrigeration system)<br>\n    &#8211; Viscosity at low temperatures \u2192 requires pumping\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Freon<\/strong><br><small>(CFC \/ HCFC \/ HFC, e.g., R-22, R-134a\u2026)<\/small><\/td><td><strong>Refrigerant (primary fluid)<\/strong><\/td><td>Refrigerant gas<\/td><td>Used in older refrigeration systems (compressors) to produce cold.<\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Historically widespread<br>\n    &#8211; Well-known technology among refrigeration technicians\n  <\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Environmental impact (ozone depletion, greenhouse gases)<br>\n    &#8211; Many Freons are banned or being phased out<br>\n    &#8211; Gradually replaced by CO\u2082, ammonia, or other modern refrigerants\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CO\u2082<\/strong><br><small>(carbon dioxide, R-744)<\/small><\/td><td><strong>Refrigerant (primary fluid, sometimes secondary)<\/strong><\/td><td>Refrigerant gas<\/td><td>Used in modern systems (transcritical or cascade) to produce cold; sometimes also used in a secondary circuit.<\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Very high energy efficiency<br>\n    &#8211; Low environmental impact (very low GWP)<br>\n    &#8211; Well suited for modern installations\n  <\/td><td>\n    &#8211; High operating pressures \u2192 more complex technology<br>\n    &#8211; Higher installation cost<br>\n    &#8211; Requires specialized expertise\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ammonia<\/strong><br><small>(NH\u2083, R-717)<\/small><\/td><td><strong>Refrigerant (primary fluid)<\/strong><\/td><td>Refrigerant gas<\/td><td>Used in many industrial and arena systems (often in the mechanical room, combined with a secondary fluid like glycol).<\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Excellent energy performance<br>\n    &#8211; Very low environmental impact<br>\n    &#8211; Well established in industrial refrigeration\n  <\/td><td>\n    &#8211; Toxic and irritating \u2192 strict safety requirements<br>\n    &#8211; Less desirable for direct systems under the slab<br>\n    &#8211; Requires rigorous risk management\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It seems fairly clear that glycol remains the preferred solution. Relying on new technology when skilled labor to maintain it is scarce carries risks: maintenance costs can skyrocket and repair times can be lengthy in the event of a breakdown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In my opinion, it is better to opt for a long-proven solution to avoid unpleasant surprises. This is especially true given that North Hatley does not have a large budget: it is therefore necessary to choose a simple and manageable approach to avoid unnecessary complications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With that said, happy thinking!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While researching the construction and operation of refrigerated ice rinks, I realized that there are essentially two main types of technologies for cooling ice: glycol systems and CO\u2082 systems. Behind my question lay one main concern: is there a refrigeration solution that is less expensive than glycol? It seems so, but it is not very [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-municipality-en","category-opinion-en-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glycol or CO\u2082 refrigerated ice rink in North Hatley: what are the differences?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From what I understand, the vast majority of refrigerated ice rinks\u2014here and elsewhere, indoor and outdoor\u2014operate with a glycol-based heat transfer fluid (often ethylene or propylene glycol), a proven technology that has been in use for a long time.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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or CO\u2082 refrigerated ice rink in North Hatley: what are the differences?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.northhatley.info\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/northhatley.info\/2025\/11\/20\/patinoire-refrigeree-au-glycol-ou-au-co%e2%82%82-a-north-hatley-quelles-differences\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/northhatley.info\/2025\/11\/20\/patinoire-refrigeree-au-glycol-ou-au-co%e2%82%82-a-north-hatley-quelles-differences\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/northhatley.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/patinoire-refrigeree.jpg","datePublished":"2025-11-20T20:23:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.northhatley.info\/#\/schema\/person\/8a934d8f02e5928fb6323cfdf916b2c1"},"description":"From what I understand, the vast majority of refrigerated ice rinks\u2014here and elsewhere, indoor and outdoor\u2014operate with a glycol-based heat transfer fluid (often ethylene or propylene glycol), a proven technology that has been in use for a long 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